According to Latter Day Saint witness Reed Peck, when Smith was told that the Mormons would be expected to leave the state, he replied that "he did not care" and that he would be glad to get out of the "damnable state" anyway. "[48][49], On October 9, A C Caldwell returned to De Witt to report that the Governor's response was that the "quarrel was between the Mormons and the mob" and that they should fight it out.[48]. The county seat, Gallatin, is reported to have been "completely gutted" only one shoe store remained unscathed. Missouri blamed the Mormons for the conflict and forced the Latter Day Saints to sign over all their lands in order to pay for the state militia muster. On the Mormon side, Danite leader Gideon Carter was killed in the battle and nine other Mormons were wounded, including Patten, who soon after died from his wounds. Coming on the heels of news from Daviess County, these reports from the mouths of dissenting Mormon leaders seemed to confirm the Missourians' worst fears. According to Latter Day Saint witness Reed Peck, when Smith was told that the Mormons would be expected to leave the state, he replied that "he did not care" and that he would be glad to get out of the "damnable state" anyway. "[58], The Missourians evicted from their homes were no better prepared than the Mormon refugees had been. A Militia under the command of Samuel Bogart was authorized by General Atchison to patrol the no-man's land between Ray and Caldwell Counties known as "Bunkham's Strip" an unincorporated territory 6 miles (9.7km) east to west and 1-mile (1.6km) north to south. Mormon settlement increased as hundreds of members from Kirtland and elsewhere poured into Missouri. [13][45], Some isolated Mormons in outlying areas also came under attack. Although he had refrained from stopping the illegal anti-Mormon siege of De Witt, he now mustered 2,500 State Militia to put down the Mormon insurrection against the state. [17] They had also founded the Caldwell County town of Far West as their Missouri headquarters. Once they were established in a county of their own, a period of relative peace ensued. [16] Mormons had already begun buying land in the proposed Caldwell County, including areas that were carved off to become parts of Ray and Daviess Counties. The soldiers also turned their horses into our fields of corn.[98][99]. [104], It is also believed that Smith's imprisonment had become an embarrassment, and that an escape would be convenient for Boggs and the rest of the Missouri political establishment. [37], At a meeting at Lyman Wight's home between leading Mormons and non-Mormons, both sides agreed not to protect anyone who had broken the law, and to surrender all offenders to the authorities. . Gen. Doniphan's Recollections of the Troubles of that Early Time. A militia under the command of Samuel Bogart was authorized by General Atchison to patrol the no-man's land between Ray and Caldwell Counties known as "Bunkham's Strip" an unincorporated territory 6 miles (9.7km) east to west and 1-mile (1.6km) north to south. With peace restored, Smith's group returned to Caldwell County. Nearly every one was burned. De Witt possessed a strategically important location near the intersection of the Grand River and the Missouri River. After the stress of being expelled from Millport into the snow, Milford Donaho's wife gave birth prematurely, and the child was severely injured during the birth. Mormon settlement increased as hundreds of members from Kirtland and elsewhere poured into Missouri. If after looking through it you still have unanswered questions . [48][49], General David R. Atchison wrote a letter to Governor Lilburn Boggs on October 16, 1838. It read: "Headquarters of the Militia," City of Jefferson, Oct. 27, 1838. Ironically, as a result of his kindness, he was the only Mormon who was positively identified to have participated in the home burnings. Hinkle and Murdock refused, citing their right as American citizens to settle where they pleased. "[46] After more than a week, a company of armed Mormons assisted Lathrop in rescuing his wife and two of his children (one had died while prisoner). The Mormons divided into three columns led by David W. Patten, Charles C. Rich, and James Durphee. "[81] Other Latter Day Saint witnesses remembered that Smith said to "beg like a dog for peace. [99], Daviess County residents were outraged by the escape of Smith and the other leaders. Mormon vigilantes, including many Danites, raided two towns believed to be centers of anti-Mormon activity, burning homes and stealing goods.22 Though . Despite an attempt by the Mormons to parley, the mob attacked. Seymour Brunson attacked Grindstone Fork. [86], Colonel Hinkle rode to the church leaders in Far West and informed them of the offered terms. The militia promptly arrested Smith and the other leaders. The gun was found to have been stolen from a local shopkeeper, who identified "that hired man of Ward's" as the most likely culprit. Rumors among both parties spread that there were casualties in the conflict. He stated that General Parks reported to him that "a portion of the men from Carroll County, with one piece of artillery, are on their march for Daviess County, where it is thought the same lawless game is to be played over, and the Mormons to be driven from that county and probably from Caldwell County." Rumor reached Far West that a Militia unit from Ray County had taken Mormons prisoner and an armed party was quickly assembled to rescue these prisoners and push the Militia out of the county. They believed that if they were righteous they would inherit the land held by others in Missouri. [35] Reminding Daviess County residents of the growing electoral power of the Mormon community, Peniston made a speech in Gallatin claiming that if the Missourians "suffer such men as these [Mormons] to vote, you will soon lose your suffrage." Members of the Latter Day Saint movement, founded by Joseph Smith, had gradually migrated from New York to northwestern Missouri since 1831, mainly settling in Jackson County, where tensions with non-Mormon residents led to episodes of anti-Mormon violence. Joseph Fielding Smith - Mormon Pioneer Trail [1] Joseph Fielding Smith, sixth president of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints and the nephew of its founder, Joseph Smith, was born in Far West, Missouri, on 13 November 1838. Click the image for an enlarged map illustrating the Battle of Crooked River. . (youtube). "[82][83][84] [51][53] Ignoring this counsel, Judge Higby, a Mormon judge in Caldwell County called out the Caldwell militia, led by Colonel George M. Hinkle. When the Missourian raiders approached the settlement on the afternoon of October 30, some 30 to 40 Latter Day Saint families were living or encamped there. Major General Samuel D. Lucas marched the state militia to Far West and laid siege to the Mormon headquarters. Judge Josiah Morin and Samuel McBrier, both considered friendly to the Mormons, both fled Daviess County after being threatened. [13], Meanwhile, a group of non-Mormons from Clinton, Platte, and other counties began to harass Mormons in Daviess County, burning outlying homes and plundering property. On Sunday, October 14, a small company of state militia under the command of Colonel William A. Dunn of Clay County arrived in Far West. Once Latter-day Saints were disarmed, mounted squads visited Mormon settlements with threats and enough beatings and destruction of homes to force flight. Stripped of their property, the Mormons were then given a few months to leave the state. Add to Wish List Link to this Book Add to Bookbag Sell this Book Buy it at Amazon Compare Prices. Smith was charged for treason but escaped custody and fled to Illinois with the remainder of the estimated 10,000 Missouri Mormons, establishing the new settlement of Nauvoo. They moved into a blacksmith shop, which they hoped to use as a makeshift defensive fortification. Stripped of their property, the Mormons were then given a few months to leave the state. If they choose to remain, we must be content. [37], At a meeting at Lyman Wight's home between leading Mormons and non-Mormons, both sides agreed not to protect anyone who had broken the law and to surrender all offenders to the authorities. In his famous Salt Sermon, Sidney Rigdon announced that the dissenters were as salt that had lost its savor and that it was the duty of the faithful to cast the dissenters out to be trodden beneath the feet of men. In this 1842 letter, Mormon dissenter George M. Hinkle rashly accused Joseph Smith of plotting to poison the Missourians' water supply. [36], When about thirty Latter Day Saints approached the polling place, a Missourian named Dick Weldon declared that in Clay County the Mormons had not been allowed to vote, "no more than negroes." [51][53] Ignoring this counsel, a Mormon judge in Caldwell County called out the Caldwell militia, led by Colonel George M. Hinkle. On August 19, 1838, Mormon settler Smith Humphrey reports that 100 armed men led by Colonel William Claude Jones took him prisoner for two hours and threatened him and the rest of the Mormon community.[43]. The presidency responded by urging the dissenters to leave the county, using strong words that the dissenters interpreted as threats. When his own troops threatened to join the attackers, Parks was forced to withdraw to Daviess County in hopes that the Governor would come to mediate. [111] The Latter Day Saints were to give up their leaders for trial and to surrender all of their arms. They believed that the Indians were descendants of Israelites, and proselytized among them extensively. Many of Boggs's constituents felt that he had mis-managed the situation, by failing to intervene earlier in the crisis, and then by overreacting on the basis of partial and incorrect information. He stated that General Parks reported to him that "a portion of the men from Carroll County, with one piece of artillery, are on their march for Daviess County, where it is thought the same lawless game is to be played over, and the Mormons to be driven from that county and probably from Caldwell County." [37], Black and others filed complaints against Smith and the other identifiable Mormon participants. [119] Other historians are convinced that Rockwell was involved in the shooting. [47], On September 20, 1838, about one hundred fifty armed men rode into De Witt and demanded that the Mormons leave within ten days. King, on charges of treason, murder, arson, burglary, robbery, larceny and perjury. Above is a depiction of the Haun's Mill Massacre, where a mob killed seventeen men, women, and children. By the end of 1838, blood was shed, and Governor Lilburn Boggs ordered that Mormons were to be "exterminated or driven from the . Of the Missourians, only one, Moses Rowland, was killed. David W. Patten, also known as Captain Fearnot, attacked Gallatin. [36], When about thirty Latter Day Saints approached the polling place, a Missourian named Dick Weldon declared that in Clay County the Mormons had not been allowed to vote, "no more than negroes". Rumors among both parties spread that there were casualties in the conflict. [87][88][89], Lucas' terms were severe. In an effort to keep the peace, Alexander William Doniphan of Clay County pushed a law through the Missouri legislature that created Caldwell County, Missouri specifically for Mormon settlement in 1836. Joseph Smith and the other arrested leaders were held overnight under guard in General Lucas' camp, where they were left exposed to the elements. All of the conflicts in the Mormon War occurred in a corridor 100 miles (160 km) to the east and northeast of Kansas City . On October 19, 1838, the day after Gallatin was burned, Thomas B. Marsh and fellow apostle Orson Hyde left the association of the Church. Judge Josiah Morin and Samuel McBrier, both considered friendly to the Mormons, both fled Daviess County after being threatened. The conflict expanded to involve state officials, including the governor, and resulted in the incarceration of Joseph Smith and the forced expulsion of the . The presidency responded by urging the dissenters to leave the county, using strong words that the dissenters interpreted as threats. People were slaughtered. The Missouri Argus published an editorial on December 20, 1838, that public opinion should not permit the Mormons to forcibly be expelled from the state: They cannot be driven beyond the limits of the statethat is certain. Shortly after organizing the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter Day Saints in 1830, Joseph Smith Jr. revealed that the Second Coming of Christ was near, that the City of Zion would be near the town of Independence in Jackson County, Missouri, and that his followers were destined to inherit the land held by the current settlers. This triggered a brawl between the bystanders. There was scarcely a Missourian's home left standing in the county. Those minutes were written up and widely published in newspapers across the country. General John B. Clark: This is not a forum for general discussion of the article's subject. Samuel Bogart.jpg 526 703; 168 KB. The Mormon War is a name that . [1], Forcefully deprived of their homes and property, the Latter Day Saints temporarily settled in the area around Jackson County, especially in Clay County. [76], On October 29, this large vigilante band of some 250 men assembled and entered eastern Caldwell County. By. During the fall of 1838, as tensions escalated during what is now known as the Mormon Missouri War, the Danites were apparently absorbed into militias largely composed of Latter-day Saints. [79], Most Mormons gathered to Far West and Adam-ondi-Ahman for protection. According to an article in the Elders' Journal a Latter Day Saint newspaper published in Far West "The Saints here are at perfect peace with all the surrounding inhabitants, and persecution is not so much as once named among them"[17]. [19], In the eyes of many non-Mormon citizens (including Alexander Doniphan),[10] these settlements outside of Caldwell County were a violation of the compromise. ", "Missouri's 1838 Extermination Order and the Mormons' Forced Removal to Illinois", Casus Belli: Ten Factors That Contributed to the Outbreak of the 1838 'Mormon War' in Missouri, Sidney Rigdon: A Portrait of Religious Excess, Mel Tungate's Battle of Crooked River sources website, History of the Reorganized Church of Jesus Christ of Latter Day Saints, Volume 2 Chapter 11, Length of U.S. participation in major wars, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=1838_Mormon_War&oldid=1126713077, Religiously motivated violence in the United States, Articles with dead external links from August 2018, Articles with permanently dead external links, All Wikipedia articles written in American English, Articles with dead external links from April 2018, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0, Mormons expelled from Missouri and resettled in, Mormon Missouri Volunteer Militia defectors. [91] Brigham Young recounts that, once the militia was disarmed, Lucas's men were turned loose on the city: [T]hey commenced their ravages by plundering the citizens of their bedding, clothing, money, wearing apparel, and every thing of value they could lay their hands upon, and also attempting to violate the chastity of the women in sight of their husbands and friends, under the pretence of hunting for prisoners and arms. EMELLE . Phelps testified that throughout the summer and fall he received assurances from the citizens of Ray and Clay counties that no mobs were being raised against the Saints in that quarter.66 William Swartzell, a Mormon resident of Diahman, recorded that the Mormons were the only ones talking about mobs at this timehe had heard nothing from the . Hyrum Smith, Brigham Young, and other leaders left at Far West warned the veterans of Crooked River to flee. The Extermination Order was a military order signed by Missouri Governor Lilburn W. Boggs on October 27, 1838, directing that the Mormons be driven from the state or exterminated. Their economic cohesion allowed the Mormons to dominate local economies. However, Reynolds was unable to capture Rockwell. King found that there was sufficient evidence to have the defendants appear before a grand jury on misdemeanor charges. Boggs held strong preconceptions against the Latter Day Saints, dating from the time when both he and they had lived in Jackson County, and the governor believed the reports. When events in Daviess County caused Missourians to see the Mormon community as a violent threat, non-Mormon public opinion hardened in favor of a firm military response. On this Wikipedia the language links are at the top of the page across from the article title. Doniphan already had troops raised to prevent fighting between Mormons and anti-Mormons in Daviess County. On June 19, the dissenters and their families fled to neighboring counties where their complaints fanned anti-Mormon sentiment. You might be referring to the 1838 Mormon War, a localized conflict between pro-slavery old time Missouri settlers and rapidly increasing numbers of converts to the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints, who were mos. [62] Based on the available evidence, LeSueur estimates that Mormons were responsible for the burning of fifty homes or shops and the displacement of one hundred non-Mormon families. Having taken control of the Missourian settlements, the Mormons plundered the property and burned the stores and houses. My brigade shall march for Liberty to-morrow morning, at 8 o'clock, and if you execute those men, I will hold you responsible before an earthly tribunal, so help me God! The Missourians and their families, outnumbered by the Mormons, made their way to neighboring counties. Atchison said further, "I would respectfully suggest to your Excellency the propriety of a visit to the scene of excitement in person, or at all events, a strong proclamation" as the only way to restore peace and the rule of law. Colonel Hinkle and Mormons of the Caldwell County militia were joined by church leaders including Joseph Smith and also by elements of the Danite organization. Every Mormon who had taken up arms was to sell his property to pay for the damages to Missourian property and for the muster of the state militia. [114][115], LeSueur notes that, along with other setbacks, Boggs's mishandling of the Mormon conflict left him "politically impotent" by the end of his term.[116]. At that time, opponents of the Mormons used a pattern that would be repeated four times,[12] culminating in the expulsion of the Mormons from the entire state. Mormons established new colonies outside of Caldwell County, including Adam-ondi-Ahman in Daviess County and De Witt in Carroll County. Public opinion has recoiled from a summary and forcible removal of our negro population;much more likely will it be to revolt at the violent expulsion of two or three thousand souls, who have so many ties to connect them with us in a common brotherhood. [89], Joseph Smith Jr attempted to negotiate with Lucas, but it became clear that Lucas considered his conditions to be non-negotiable. [26][28][29], On July 4, Sidney Rigdon gave an oration, which was characterized by Mormon historian Brigham Henry Roberts as a "'Declaration of Independence' from all mobs and persecutions. On November 1, 1838, Smith surrendered at Far West, the church's headquarters, ending the war. Mormon leaders appealed to the state legislature to overturn the requirement that they leave the state, but the legislature tabled the issue until a date well after that when the Mormons would have left the state. Joseph Smith ordered Colonel George M. Hinkle, the head of the Mormon militia in Caldwell County, to ride out and meet with General Lucas to seek terms. The order was part of the 1838 Mormon War in Missouri. The question of whether or not Mormons should be allowed to settle in the county was placed on the August 6 ballot; a heavy majority favored expulsion of the Mormons. He printed the first edition of the Book of Commandments that became a standard work of the church and wrote numerous hymns, some of which are included in the . [79], None of the Missourians were ever prosecuted for their role in the Haun's Mill Massacre. Later that day, the Carroll County forces sealed off the town. [20] Mormons felt that the compromise only excluded major settlements in Clay County and Ray County, not Daviess County and Carroll County. [13], With the refusal of the Governor or Legislature to intervene, and having surrendered the bulk of their firearms, Mormons were left nearly defenseless to face the mob. A company under the command of Captain Samuel Bogart was ordered to patrol the no-man's land between Ray and Caldwell Counties, in an effort to stop armed persons from Caldwell County from invading Ray County. The Battle of Crooked River in late October led to Lilburn Boggs, the Governor of Missouri, issuing the Missouri Executive Order 44, ordering the Mormons to leave Missouri or be killed. During the conflict 22 people were killed (three Mormons and one non-Mormon at Crooked River, one Mormon prisoner fatally injured while in custody, and 17 Mormons at Haun's Mill). [13] Latter Day Saint refugees began to flee to Adam-ondi-Ahman for protection and shelter against the upcoming winter. Thomas McBride surrendered his rifle to Jacob Rogers, who shot McBride with his own gun, then mangled his body with a corn knife while he was still alive. Initial reaction by Missourians was mixed. Other Mormons, fearing similar retribution by the Missourians, gathered into Adam-ondi-Ahman for protection. . [40][41], On July 30, citizens of Carroll County met in Carrollton to discuss the Mormon colonization of De Witt. [27] Two days after Rigdon preached his Salt Sermon, 80 prominent Mormons including Hyrum Smith signed the so-called Danite Manifesto, which warned the dissenters to "depart or a more fatal calamity shall befall you." After the stress of being expelled from Millport into the snow, Milford Donaho's wife gave birth prematurely, and the child was severely injured during the birth. They moved into a blacksmith shop which they hoped to use as a make-shift defensive fortification. William Bowman, one of the guards, was dragged by his hair across the town square. Durante el conflicto fueron asesinadas 22 personas (3 mormones y 1 no mormn en el ro Crooked y 18 mormones en Haun's Mill). Mike Vago. 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