He wasconnected with the wholesale drug firmof James Bailey & Son in Baltimore afterthe war. The two soldiers who were shot survived to tell the gory tale. Sam, to give more vigor to his blows, was standing straight up in his stirrups, dealing them right and left with all the theological fervor of Burly of Balfour. Both operated in Virginia and operated under normal military discipline. All Rights Reserved. Mosby rose slowly, put his hand on his revolver and said, if the truce no longer protects us, we are at your mercy, but we shall protect ourselves. A ranger witness later said, had Mosby given the word, not one Yankee there wouldve lived. Instead, Mosby and his men rode away from the Shenandoah Valley without pursuit from the Federals. Whether it was the family road trip toGettysburgor thestampalbum I had featuring all of the generals that got me hooked, I now consider myself very lucky to work among Civil War objects. Ulysses S. Grant but not before it had attempted to negotiate surrender with Rosser agreed with the Union that Mosby's men were not soldiers but glorified thievesand bad for morale, because his regular troops were jealous: [Mosby's men] are a nuisance and an evil to the service. A guard pulled his revolver, but Charles Dear beat his draw. He was a postwar merchant inboth Baltimore and Indianapolis. While riding as part of Mosby's Rangers near the end of the war these men had contact with Thomas F. Harney of the Confederate Torpedo Bureau. The only difference is in the danger . Mosby's Rangers in the Shenandoah Valley. Mosbys Partisan Ranger career began in late December 1862 when his commander and mentor, Maj. Gen. J.E.B. All soldiers in World War I had one thing in common: possible execution by their own country for alleged cowardice. Reportedly a prosperous and well-knownarchitect in New York City afterthe war. With Tod Andrews, Jean Willes, Willis Bouchey, Douglas Dick. Instead of surrendering, Mosby's command simply disbanded. Mosby greatly respected Lee but had no desire to surrender. Even at that supreme moment in my life, when I had just stood on the brink of ruin and had barely escaped, I could not restrain a propensity to laugh. "[7], The unit also utilized child soldiers. [24], Virginian newspapers were eager to carry articles about Mosby's Rangers. Relevance Following General Robert E. Lees surrender to Ulysses S. Grant at Appomattox on April 9, 1865, Mosby tasked William with leading a negotiating team to meet with Union authorities about specific terms for surrender. HistoryNet.com contains daily features, photo galleries and over 25,000 articles originally published in our nine magazines. He was now reviled in much of his home state of Virginia for his friendship with Grant. Unaware of their objectivethe secretive . He died in 1927 in Germany. Mosby's four requirements to become a member of his com-mand, besides being a fighter with good character, included the following.12. Many years past military age, he rode side by side with his own sons, in the foremost ranks, and his poor maimed and scarred body attested to his familiarity with hot battle., Hibbs did revel in the name, and his tombstone in Mount Zion Baptist Church Cemetery in Aldie, Va., is clearly marked MAJOR Wm. consistently elude pursuit, the Rangers disrupted Union communications and His well-varnished account of it was that I ordered him to be shot at sunrise, that he said he hoped it would be a foggy morning, and that I was so much amused by his reply that I relented and pardoned him. Later, an Englishman named Charles Green who lived nearby in the small town of Greenwich, Va., found Hoskins and took him to his home. This temporary, and informal, command would evolve into the 43rd Battalion, Virginia Cavalryknown better as Mosbys Rangers. John Atkins was mortally wounded during the Rangers fight against the 8th Illinois Cavalry on October 29, 1864, near Upperville, Va. His last words were: I have come three thousand miles to fight for the Confederacy, but it is all over now. Federal casualties were reportedly 42 while the Confederates lost five. [Photographed between 1861 and 1865, printed between 1880 and 1889] Photograph. Mosby noted William in dispatches for conspicuous gallantry at least twice. [Photographed between 1861 and 1865, printed between 1880 and 1889] Photograph. mere boys, unmarried and hence without fear or anxiety for wives or children. The partisan rangers job would gather intelligence and take supplies away from the Union army. He was named the Consul to Hong Kong, a position he held for eight years and served in the Justice Department as well as a lawyer for the railroad. The roster of the 43rd Virginia Cavalry Battalion, better known as Mosby's Rangers, eventually over the course of the last two years of the war contained over 1900 men, although at no time were there more than a fraction available for action. He was a rather dour and taciturn individual, but Jeffries, whom he married on February 25, 1864, evidently coaxed a softer persona out of him. By June of 1862, Mosby was scouting for J.E.B. The second purpose was to promote the use of guerrilla warfare to help protect areas where there was little protection from the army. Box 378 Red Hook, New York 12571 United States. This also led to the recruitment of irregular soldiers into the Confederate army. This would be the last day of study for Henry Cable Maddux . This time, Cab angered Mosby. Once, while chasing a fleeing detachment of Union cavalry, Massow supposedly exclaimed, This is more fun than a fox hunt! On another occasion, when a group of Rangers had surreptitiously slipped into a stable containing Union horses with the intention of capturing them, Massow expressed his disgust by saying, much too loudly, This is not fighting, this is horse stealing! Between the chuckles and shock at his noisy outburst, the other Rangers were able to quiet him. A lieutenant in the Prussian army, he had come in search of adventure with Confederate forces. Your mission is to infiltrate enemy lines to disrupt the Union war effort. During the negotiations, a ranger named Hern burst into the room and yelled to Mosby that Federal cavalry had set a trap and were hidden in the woods. Hugh C. Keen, Horace Mewborn 1993. Although I was surrounded by Revolutionary War history as a kid growing up in New Jersey, I much preferred the Civil War. Within a few years, Hoskins left the Army. By November 1864, Mosby and his rangers were largely on their own in the Shenandoah Valley war. The young family moved into a two-story brick house on Harrison . The wound, though serious and painful, had a positive aspect. He wasknown to every man in the Command and to everybody in that country, as a fighter.. After the disastrous Union defeat at Fredericksburg in December 1862, Stuart and Mosby led several raids behind enemy lines in Prince William, Fairfax and Loudoun counties, to disrupt the Union communications, harass the enemy and gather supplies for their own forces. 7. After his first fight with the Rangers, Massow was upset, according to a fellow Ranger, that he had not been woundedhe apparently hoped to return to Prussia with a wartime memento. 2023 The SOFREP Media Group. Jubal Early and his Confederate Army of the Valley had been soundly beaten at Cedar Creek on 19 October; no more reinforcements from General Robert E. Lee were coming. Co. VA Muster Rolls p. 28, as list appeared, Noted for their lightning strike raids on Union targets and their ability to consistently elude pursuit, the Rangers disrupted Union communications and . Unique Boating Apparel and Accessories. The second purpose was to promote the use of guerrilla warfare to help protect areas where there was little protection from the army. He formed a group of his best fighters around the gun and prepared to make what amounted to a last stand. Born in 1817, he was 2030 years older than the vast majority of the unit. Mosby supported Grant, his former foe, in the presidential election and was his campaign manager in the state of Virginia. Before he got to the gate Sam had already exhausted every barrel of his two pistols and drawn his sabre. Served in the U.S.Department of Interior and Departmentof Justice. 2, Chapman. He was a member of the RoyalArcanum. Gen. Edwin H. Stoughton who was captured in bed. Died May 30, 1916. The field officers were Colonel John S. Mosby, Lieutenant Colonel William H. Chapman, and Major A.E . Mosby was a small town lawyer who joined the Confederate Army when his home state of Virginia seceded from the Union, and who became GeneralJeb Stuart'sbest scout, earning himself both a command and the nickname "Gray Ghost." When Lee surrendered in 1865, Mosby and his men were leery of surrendering, fearing that the Union would hang them as spies. DANIEL GIRAUD WRIGHT,Private, Company D. Born in Rio de Janeiro and attendedthe University of Virginia from 1857to 1861. Captured on January 4, 1865, and sentto Fort Warren in Boston Harbor, fromwhich he was released on June 13,1865. Mosby was seriously wounded in December, but there were still small skirmishes during the winter and spring. After the war, William Chapman became an Internal Revenue Service agenta Revenuer who ferreted out hidden, illegal alcohol stills. The indomitable and irrepressible Mosby is again in the saddle carrying destruction and consternation in his path. Lonely Willie becomes pals with his Union army counterpart, Corporal Jenkins. He was so valuable to the Confederacy that many Union officers tried and failed to capture him (he, however, captured Union General Edwin Stoughton). https://www.historynet.com/mosbys-rangers-legends-on-horseback/, Jerrie Mock: Record-Breaking American Female Pilot. "[8] A few partisans were wizened old men in their 40s, but most were in their late teens or early 20s; two paroled after the war at Winchester were only 14 years old. You must become a subscriber or login to view or post comments on this article. but the first of many raids with Mosby's men."[9]. In Baltimore, he became involved in smuggling goods into the Confederacy and subsequently made his way farther south, joining Mosbys command in March 1863. THANK YOU FOR SUPPORTING VETERAN JOURNALISM - JOIN SOFREP+ Another Ranger, Englishman Bradford Smith Hoskins, was not as lucky. The young rangers certainly enjoyed these spoils of war, but calls for recrimination and Mosbys head grew louder in the North. They, Mosby especially, had not factored in a large and rapid response from Union cavalry in the area as elements of the 7th Michigan Cavalry, 5th New York Cavalry, and the 1st Vermont Cavalry all converged on Mosby and forced the Rangers to begin a fighting withdrawal. over the country, a band of thieves, stealing, pillaging, plundering and doing every manner of mischief and crime. . He died January 10, 1898. That was [our] final ride together. We had no reason to use a blue uniform as a disguise, for there was no occasion to do so. Kathleen Golden is an associate curator in the Division of Armed Forces History. HIBBS. Stuart for the Confederacy during the Fredericksburg and Gettysburg campaigns and started his own cavalry unit, the 43rd Battalion of Virginia Cavalry, which became known as Mosbys Rangers, or Mosbys Raiders. Rhodes, Henry (killed) Cab was quick-witted, but, seeing how angry I was, said nothing then. Hoskins was quite conspicuous during those engagements, clad in the scarlet uniform of his British Army days and wielding a saber. On August 7th, 1864, Maj. Gen. Philip Sheridan took command of the United States Army of the Shenandoah. Perfect for this fighting style were Mosbys Rangers, most of whom were young, between 17-25, who sought the glory of war on horseback. Seeing a comrade in arms struggling through the waves some distance off and not receiving that attention from the Federal soldiers which he thought due to his rank, Cab cried out at the top of his voice, Hurry up, Major Hibbs! Much of it was paid for by Uncle Sam out of the money we got from him directly and indirectly. CLAIBORNE ROBINSON,Private, Company D. Lived in Baltimore after the war. RecPak is a meal replacement for the outdoors that saves you weight, space and time in the most challenging environments, just add water. Mosby's Raiders puts you in command of the Partisan Rangers. By the summer of 1864, Mosby and his men were disrupting the advance of the United States Army of the Shenandoah into Virginias Shenandoah Valley. After the war, Sam was the chaplain of the African-American 4th Immune Regiment in Cuba during the Spanish-American War, became the superintendent of public schools in Virginias Allegheny County, and served as the deputy U.S. marshal for the Western District of Virginia in 1909. He died on May 30, 1916, Memorial Day, from complications from throat surgery and is buried in Warrenton, Virginia. With a special aptitude for finding forage for the horses in Mosbys command, Hibbs became the Rangers informal quartermaster. He was also known as chief of the corn detail. It was not an exciting duty nor a particularly prestigious title, but he ensured that the mounts in the command, so essential to its mobility and success, were well fed and healthy. Two Rangers went inside. If attacked themselves, the guerrillas would sometimes ride away a brief distance and then round on their attackers and charge back into them, panicking and scattering them in the melee. THANK YOU FOR SUPPORTING VETERAN JOURNALISM - JOIN SOFREP+ . . I am no longer your commander. Never wounded during the war, Chapman ironically received his first-ever gunshot at the hands of a tax-evading moonshiner. Served in the 1st Maryland Infantryand 1st Maryland Cavalry before joiningMosby in 1864. During the Civil War, "Mosby's Confederacy" encompassed 1,800 square miles, including today's Fauquier, Loudon, Clarke, Warren, and Prince William counties. One survivor lived to tell the gory tale. Mosby, who, it must be noted, was not given his famous sobriquet The Gray Ghost until well after the war, was an intelligent, tough, audacious, and innovative leader. He was soon granted a commission as a Major and assembled two companies of cavalry and eight of infantry called the Virginia Volunteers and took part in the first Battle of Bull Run. [18] Mosby tried out some small field artillery pieces, including a 12-pound (5.4kg) brass Napoleon,[19] but artillery proved to be too cumbersome for his fast hit-and-run tactics and not especially helpful in action. The Union viewed them as unsoldierly: a loose band of roving thieves. The 43rd Virginia Cavalry Battalion, also known as Mosby's Rangers, Mosby's Raiders, or Mosby's Men, was a battalion of partisan cavalry in the Confederate Army during the American Civil War. Not a particularly enthusiastic soldier when he enlisted as a private in 1861, John Singleton Mosby disliked routine army life. They were married on June 28, 1864, the same day Sam gained the rank of captain and assumed command of Company E of the 43rd Battalion. If he goes on as he has commenced since the slight bleeding the Yankees gave him, who can say that in time we will not be able to stop Mr. Trenholm's machine, and pay our army off in greenbacks. Or they would simply "skedaddle", that is scatter to the four winds, and individually make their way back to the farms in Loudoun and Fauquier counties where they were welcomed, hidden, and succoured. This time, Cab angered Mosby. On the other hand, Mosby's guerrilla operations were not highly regarded even within the Confederate Army. Eric Buckland retired from the U.S. Army as a lieutenant colonel after spending the majority of his 22-year career in Special Forces. In 1862, still not comfortable remaining in one place for too long, Hoskins left Canada for the United States and settled in Baltimore, Md. By the summer of 1864, Mosby's battalion had grown to six cavalry companies and one artillery company, comprising about 400 men. Attended College ofWilliam & Mary in 1860-61. His uniform andcrutchesare on display inThe Price of Freedom: Americans at War. With orders from Gen. Ulysses S. Grant to conduct total war to wipe out Confederate resistance in the Valley and burn crops and farms, Sheridan launched an offensive on August 9th. Gen. Edwin H. Stoughton who was captured in bed. Federal Lieutenant Eugene Ferris, 30th Massachusetts Infantry, refused to surrender and escaped by wounding four of the rangers. R. Roland Sergeant. He was going home to meet the Savior whom he served and to meet the beloved wife whose presence could not but enhance the glory of heaven itself for him. Federal Brig. . That day was the boys last at school, John Munson wrote in Reminiscences of a Mosby Guerrilla: [U]ntil the end of the war, he was one of the gamest and best soldiers Mosby had. For his bravery under fire, Ferris was awarded the Congressional Medal of Honor. The Rangers preferred carrying multiple revolvers as their weapons of choice and believed that sabers were rattling nuisances. Accounts vary, but about twenty Scouts were killed and another twenty captured, including Captain Blazer. Mosby asked him, have you ever heard of Mosby? The general replied, Have you captured him? at which time Mosby said, I am Mosby, he said. The Union began hanging any of Mosbys men they captured. Small, harassing raids continued in the Valley until October 14th when Mosby and approximately eighty rangers conducted the Greenback Raid near Duffields Station, about seven miles west of Harpers Ferry. The reorganization of the Confederate Artillery in 1862 caused the official disbanding of their unit on October 4 and the reassignment of the brothers to recruiting officer duty in Virginias Fauquier County. The Partisan Ranger Act drew many Southern men who were interested by this opportunity. He died September 9, 1917. Feb 20, 2013 #18 Thanks for Posting! As the Gray Ghost related in The Memoirs of Colonel John S. Mosby: While we were helping the passengers to climb the steep bank, one of my men, Cab Maddux, who had been sent off as a vidette to watch the road, came dashing up and cried out that the Yankees were coming. . Northern newspapers and Unionists referred to them as guerrillas, a term of opprobrium at the time. When Mosby became aware of the location of a still, he had it destroyed. Sheridans advance into the Valley stalled. The only difference is in the danger Mosby felt that "a small force moving with celerity and threatening many points on a line can neutralize a hundred times its own number. The Partisan Ranger Act resulted in many Southerners believing that any of form of guerrilla warfare was now being approved. Mosby himself had six horses that hed change out frequently. The total tally for the 43rd Battalion by October 1864 was 1,600 horses and mules, 230 beef cattle, 85 wagons and ambulances, and 1,200 captured, killed or wounded, including Union Brig. Ten days later, April 9th, Confederate commanding General Robert E. Lee surrendered at Appomattox, Virginia. The remaining Rangers fled, leaving Hoskins lying on the field in a pool of his own blood. By the time of Mosby's death in 1916, the people of Virginia had softened their feelings towards him. awoke [and] saw my horse standing at my feet with his head bending over me. The Scouts never fought Mosby again. Title, Cedar Creek & Belle Grove National Historical Park, Download the official NPS app before your next visit, Sheridan Launches Counterguerrilla Forces, cedar creek & belle grove national historical park. The rangers fired two cannon rounds, then charged into the unsuspecting Federal troops. Death had no terror for him. John Singleton Mosby and some members of Mosby's Rangers, 43rd Virginia Cavalry Battalion. . He served under J.E.B. . Called the Vineyard Fight, this action prevented the 14th Pennsylvania from reinforcing Sheridans punitive cavalry campaign across the Blue Ridge. On November 26, 1863, the Army of the Potomac departed Culpeper County to initiate the Mine Run Campaign. As John Henry Alexander noted in Mosbys Men: Pray dont make the mistake of assigning William Hibbs among the non-combatants. Though his title was merely in courtesy of his quasi office of quartermaster, no braver man followed Mosby. . Worked for several years as theclerk of the Court of Common Pleas inBaltimore, and as a U.S. Army paymasterin 1888. . I never knew, nor did I ever hear, of any man in our Command wearing a blue uniform under any circumstances . During the ensuing melee, Massow was riding down on the Union commander, Captain James Sewell Reed, with his saber poised for a lethal strike. *Lighting a path to truth* Former Navy JAG Worldwide U.S. Military Defense. Corder, Joseph M. . . Hibbs, however, developed a system whereby he could find the forage and collect it for the 43rd, locate the still and sample the goods to his hearts content, and then (only then) return to Mosby with the forage and report the still. [21], Speed, surprise and shock were the true secret of the success of Mosby's command. My poor motherJesus have mercy on her soul! Upon seeing Atkins body, Mosby reportedly said, There lies a man I would not have given for a whole regiment of Yankees.. John Singleton Mosby will always be regarded as one of the Civil War's most famousperhaps infamousfigures, and though he doesn't quite reside in the war's pantheon alongside the likes of Robert E. Lee, Stonewall Jackson, and Ulysses S. Grant, he assuredly stands as an equal to military history's . Captured on January 4, 1865, along withJames Heiskell, and sent to Fort Warren. . One, John Atkins, crossed the Atlantic Ocean from Ireland to join Mosby. At the same time Yankee soldiers splashed across Jacob's Ford, the Gray Ghost gathered 125 troopers in Rectortown. The prisoners were allegedly executed, two with throats cut. . Both Sam and William were involved in the Rangers fight at Miskels Farm on April 1, 1863. Mosby, however, had plans to intercept and strike the Federal advance. Subscribe to receive our weekly newsletter with top stories from master historians. [11], Munson's denial of the use of Union blue is contradicted by another source however. That was important because Mosby, essentially a teetotaler, despised the use of needed forage for the distilling of alcoholhe believed it served a better purpose by feeding horses or soldiers. The youngster looked down at his books and, without another thought, tossed them aside, leapt upon his horse hitched up outside the school, and joined the chase. But as I recalled how cruelly I had spurred him to the chase the evening before, how without a groan of protest he responded the best he could, and how patiently he had stood with me . Served during the war in the21st Virginia Infantry, 1st MarylandInfantry, and 1st Virginia Cavalry priorto joining Mosby in December 1863. In 1871,he married Louisa Sophia Wigfall, thedaughter of Senator Louis TrezevantWigfall (a former member of both theU.S. and Confederate senates). 4. Mosby assembled his men at Salem on April 21, and the command disbanded. The tried using carbines captured from Union cavalry but found them too unwieldy for their type of operations. Sheridan also acquired the scouting and counterguerrilla services of the 100-man Blazers Scouts under the command of Captain Richard Blazer. I disband your organization in preference to surrendering it to our enemies. More impressive, roughly 2,000 men would ride in some capacity with Mosby at one time or another during the war. Joined Apr 20, 2012. Even though she has lived in the state of Virginia longer than she lived in New Jersey, she still gets called a Yankeeaffectionately, she thinks. Served in the 1st Maryland Cavalrybefore joining Mosby. It was no uncommon thing for one of our men to gallop by a tree at full tilt, and put three bullets in its trunk in succession. He took part in Stuarts famous ride around McClellans army but was captured on July 20, while waiting for a train at Beaverdam Depot. The Virginia Yankees later fought Colonel White's men again, as well as cavalrymen under the command of Colonel John S. Mosby. We barely made it, too. Not only him but his wife and family as well. 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