While suicide is a concern in all types of carceral settings, county jails have particularly high rates. Here is a complete listing of all of the state prisons and correctional facilities in Massachusetts. Kimball killed his uncle, his cellmate's girlfriend, and a 19-year-old girl. Inmate with COVID-19 dies; stricter social distancing However, the Court held that it has never contemplated a right to a suicide prevention protocol and further noted that some federal courts had even held that such a right did not exist. Famous inmates: Adley Abdulwahab, Oscar Ramiro Ortega-Hernandez, Shukri Baker and Willis Mark Haynes The United States Penitentiary Beaumont is considered one of the most dangerous prisons due to the number of murder plots in the facility. Your email address will not be published. The one in Comstock was the most likely place to get knifed. Louisiana had the highest rate, at 695 people per 100,000 residents, followed closely by Oklahoma, at 683. Northpoint Training Center, 710 Walter Reed Rd, Burgin, KY 40422, USA 9) PeWee Valley Women's Prison Geoff Livingston/ Flickr This all-female prison at 3000 Ash Avenue in Pee Wee Valley has been around since 1938. Three possible explanations arise: This explanation is extremely unlikely. On average, between 2015 and July 2020, 3.1 people died per month in One of these exceptions is Bristol County for Correctional Justice which writes and protests about prisoner care in Bristol County facilities. California Pays $3.5 Million to Settle Suit Over State Prisoners Murder, $2.1 Million Settlement for Estate of Detainee Who Committed Suicide in Scandal-Plagued Ohio Jail, Tenth Circuit Refuses to Hold Colorado Guards Liable for Detainees Suicide Despite Her Previous Attempts at Same Jail, $1.1 Million Settlement Paid by Michigan County to Estate of Detainee Who Committed Suicide at Jail, $1.375 Million Award in Hawaii Prisoners Suicide, Reinstating Suit by Louisiana Detainees Mother Over His Jail Suicide, Fifth Circuit Schools Lower Court in Meaning of Standing, Eleventh Circuit Denies Qualified Immunity to Jail Guards Who Did Nothing in Face of Florida Detainees Suicide Threats, Suit Over California Detainees Suicide Survives Corporate Shell Game by Wellpath and HIG Capital, $1 Million Settlement Reached in Suicide of Mentally Ill Detainee at San Diego Jail. GlobalTel's inmate calling service lowers jail call per minute rates by up to 90% for jail calls from US facilities. You were torn between having a medical problem and not wanting to go to the med bay, said Byah. The five most brutal prisons in the U.S. Jan 11, 2023. In many states, medical malpractice cases require a preliminary presentation and success before a medical malpractice tribunal. The facility shall require that all staff with responsibility for inmate supervision be trained in the implementation of this program. There were no diagnostic tools beyond a stethoscope in the medical bay, said Byah, and the nurse on staff was at best disinterested. She claims that the guards told her they would force her to eat if necessary because ICE would not tolerate someone dying in the facility. Drop a comment on a post or contact us so we can take care of it! Several of these cases have involved actions of employees toward those placed in their care. COVID-19 outbreaks are rising in prisons and jails. Forty-two percent were single, 43% were held on a personal and/or violent charge, 47% had a history of substance abuse, 28% had a history of medical problems, 38% had a history of mental illness, 20% had a history of taking psychotropic medication, and 34% had a history of suicidal behavior. donate today. The majority of Massachusetts jails are accredited by these two organizations. Furthermore, isolation and deprivation of human contact are also disfavored; housing assignments are more effective in protecting inmates when based on interaction and observation of the inmate. 43 people were executed, including the 39 killed in the invasion, guard William Quinn, and three inmates were killed by other inmates early in the riot. There is no DOC or other centralized state oversight of these contracts. . I was put there, it is my guess, to hurt my support system, Byah said by phone from Morocco, and because Bristol County is known as the worst prison in Massachusetts.. In 2020, the federal Bureau of Justice Statistics (BJS) issued a report regarding suicides in local jails from 2000 to 2016. The Bristol County Sheriffs Department denied the majority of Byahs allegations. Section 2 of the Actprovides that public employers may be found liablefor injury or loss of property or personal injury or death caused by the negligent or wrongful act or omission. However, 10 contains exceptions to 2, including 10(j) which exempts any claim based on an act or failure to act to prevent or diminish the harmful consequences of a condition or situation, including the violent or tortious conduct of a third person, which is not originally caused by the public employer or any other person acting on behalf of the public employer.. Jail suicide must be seen within the larger context of a failed carceral mental health treatment system. In some cases, deaths follow jailed persons unheeded reports of suicidality. Simmons described the ACA as an agency that offers a veneer of respectability in exchange for payment of the obligatory and substantial fees. He continued That some of the worst, most brutal, violent and decrepit prisons are accredited by the ACA should cast doubt on whether the accreditation has any real world meaning.. That heightened risk is also a component of the racism endemic to our criminal justice system, given the overrepresentation of people of color in carceral settings. Jennifer Honig is a Senior Attorney at the Mental Health Legal Advisors Committee, an agency of the Supreme Judicial Court of Massachusetts that advocates for indigent persons with mental health issues. Reduce Your Jail Call Costs By Up To 90% Per Minute With GlobalTel. They are compromised by the partiality of those conducting them and their cursory nature. Advocates must press for comprehensive and detailed Suicide Prevention Programs (SPPs) at all county jails. When asked whether ICEs agents were aware of the conditions in the facility, Walls told. Interestingly, Washington states county offices historically fulfilled a dual function, serving both as local governments in unincorporated areas and as agents of the state to carry out its programs. A corresponding lack of significant external oversight makes it difficult to identify and remedy deficiencies. The probability of 7 people dying in a single month is low (3.3%); and, including the known COVID-related deaths, the probability of 14 people dying in a single month is negligible (0.2%). Massachusetts According to the Massachusetts Department of Corrections, the three-year recidivism rate is 32%. More recently, the nonprofit National Commission on Correctional Health Care (NCCHC) published a 2019 Suicide Prevention Resource Guide. It urged consideration of the connection between self-injury and suicide: Some patients who initially engage in [non-suicidal self-injury] may miscalculate the lethality of the behavior, while others who chronically self-injure can become suicidal over time., To prevent suicide, we need to focus on delivery of mental health care. years. Massachusetts which last year passed laws instituting reforms across the criminal justice system has the lowest incarceration rate in the country, according to a new report. Byah said she knows of women in ICE detention at the jail who have spent upwards of a week in segregation. 96 Deaths in Detention: A View of COVID-19 in the Federal Bureau of Prisons as Captured in Death Notices, September 2020 Employee of the Month: Mike Pompeo, April 3, 2020 decision by the That place needs to shut down, as does the whole program all together, said Byah. . Advocates should continue to promote diversion from the criminal justice system and increased allocations for mental health and other services to keep people out of jail. Im not seeing a lot of humanity there.. See update published on September 8, 2020. To reduce recidivism, contain carceral spending, and increase public safety, Massachusetts officials began working with the Council of State Governments (CSG) Justice Center and others in 2015 to study the states criminal justice system and develop reform legislation. Eoin Higgins Jul 17, 2018 Immigrants Share Horror Stories From Inside Massachusetts's 'Worst' Jail "Jail is not a country club," the Bristol County sheriff said. Other studies have identified additional risk factors. Non-Discrimination | There is no information about jail suicides on the Massachusetts DOC website, although the DOCs enabling statute requires the agency to establish and maintain programs of research, statistics and planning, and conduct studies relating to correctional programs and responsibilities of the department. Similarly, there is no information on the Massachusetts Sheriffs Association (MSA) website, although the association is responsible for evaluating research and data on matters of mutual interest and concern., Rod Miller, president of Community Resource Services, which consults with carceral departments, wrote in a February 27, 2020, memo to the Massachusetts Correctional Funding Commission: There is no source of information that describes how each jail is working, in terms of outcomes such as injuries, deaths, assaults on staff or inmates, escapes, program completion and other indicators of the effectiveness of jail operations Even if the baseline information about jail facilities and operations were available, there is no way to determine the quality and effectiveness of operations.. 111 Conviction for Assaulting Federally Contracted Private Prison Guard, "Conservative New York County Enacts Progressive Transgender Prisoner Policy", COVID-19 Depletes State Prison Staffs Nationwide, Forcing Consolidation of Facilities and Increasing Risk to All, After 36 Years in a Louisiana Prison for a Rape He Didnt Commit, Archie Williams Wins Freedom and a TV Show Spotlight, COVID-19 Continues Rampage Through Pennsylvania State Prisons, $105,000 Settlement in Wisconsin Prisoners Excessive Force Claim, Alabama Jails and Prisoners Swamped With COVID-Related Problems, How States Exclude People With Criminal Records From Jury Service, Study Shows Misaligned Economic Incentives Fuel Mass Incarceration, California Enacts Legislation Strengthening Protections for LGBTQ Prisoners, Baltimore Demolishes Marylands Oldest Penitentiary, Burying Its Nostalgia And Nightmares, Books: Let The Lord Sort Them: The Rise and Fall of the Death Penalty, Florida Senator Wants to Keep Ex-Prisoners from Earning the $15 Minimum Wage Increase, Former Prisoner Becomes Activist for LBGTQ Rights in California Prisons, Parnall Correctional Facility in Michigan Copes with Scabies Outbreak, Fourth Circuit: Deaf North Carolina Prisoner Should be Allowed Direct Videophone Calls to Communicate with Deaf Community, People in jails are using more phone minutes during the COVID-19 pandemic, despite decreased jail populations, Ransomware Attack on GEO Group Exposes Sensitive Information, Hundreds of Virginia Inmates Await Parole Consideration Under New Law, Colorados Governor Bows to Pressure in Denying State Prisoners Priority COVID-19 Vaccinations, More Than 40 Immigrants Have Died in ICE Custody, Experts Divided on Drug Court Effectiveness, Secrecy Surrounded Flurry of Late-Term Federal Executions Under Donald Trump, New Advocacy Group for New Mexico Prisoners Created. Advocates might also consider legislation specifically designed to remove authority from sheriff departments and placing it in other entities. Believe it or not, there are prisons in history which make many notorious modern facilities look tame in comparison; here are 7 of the worst. Prisons in over 118 countries exceeded their maximum . A more exciting possibility is to establish oversight outside of government. to hold ICE detainees are abusive and dangerous, according to former detainees. The tenth and last on our list of the top 10 worst prisons in the world is Camp 22, North Korea. Individual sheriffs theoretically oversee the actions of private companies through contract provisions, but that oversight is variable, sometimes minimal, and hard to ascertain in practice. Hayes had already consulted in Massachusetts to reduce prisoner suicides. There was a . After about three and a half days, Byah broke the strike. The three failed "to provide secure, ordered or decent regimes" or. 1. As Jill Harvay-Friedman of the American Foundation for Suicide Prevention notes, the impetus to take ones life can come on suddenly: Research shows that suicidal behavior often emerges quickly with as little as five to 10 minutes between the thought and theaction. She warns that screeners cannot simply rely on self-reports but also must look carefully at all potential risk factors. that detention centers are well monitored. We know what suicide prevention measures work. 3.4.1.7 Lab - Research a Hardware Upgrade; TB-Chapter 19 Thorax and Lungs; BSC 2085-Study Guide - Dr. Alfonso Pino - Online course These links will provide you with information regarding visiting hours, mailing addresses, bail information, bail reviews (bail reductions), and how to post bail. Facilities should offer a comprehensive array of programming that identifies prisoners who might not openly present as suicidal, ensures their safety on suicide precautions, and provides a continuity of care throughout confinement. Black Dolphin is near the Kazakhstan border and it houses the country's most hardened and dangerous criminals. Getty Images Researchers have found that the death rate from COVID-19 in prisons is three times higher than average. Originally Published by: Beatings, inhumane conditions and inmates forced to rape each other. In the US, there are 5.17 million people disenfranchised due to a felony . Great Meadow's sprawling 9-acre campus lies behind a 24-foot wall in Washington County, approximately 60 miles northeast of Albany. The Massachusetts Treatment Center in. When asked whether ICEs agents were aware of the conditions in the facility, Walls told The Appeal that detention centers are well monitored. The second, subjective test is more difficult. Hodgson dismissed the reports of dangerous conditions at Bristol, and implied that the attorney general had targeted him because he was a conservative. The prison has been the subject of criticism for its conditions . Scroll . Documents. Examples of reporting on deaths: Jenifer McKim, First Massachusetts Inamte Theyd lock them up for a month, sometimes a week, he said. Storm Lake, IA (KICD)-- Two Storm Lake men are going to prison on Buena Vista County drug convictions. John Moore/Getty Images. The most friendly state for felons is Vermont, where no felons are disenfranchised and no voting restrictions. New Hampshire, Vermont, Minnesota, Rhode Island, Maine, and Massachusetts have the lowest prison incarceration rates of under 200 per 100,000 people. As DeGroote notes, describing harsh restrictive measures that lack clinical involvement, such responses are neither appropriate nor helpful: Such measures range from placing the inmate in administrative segregation with heightened supervision to prisoners being stripped naked and restrained to a chair. Celebrity bowhunting couple are fined $133,000 for taking part in Nebraska's worst ever . [ii] Overturning the Third Circuit, the Court declined to hold prison officials liable for a prison suicide, rejecting plaintiffs argument that prisoners have a Constitutional right to the proper implementation of suicide prevention protocols. Jail is not a country club, Hodgson said in a 2010 campaign ad. Since the statute defines segregated housing as confinement for 22 or more hours a day, many sheriffs have now changed their practice so that prisoners in segregation units are out of cell just over two hours a day. One problem is that in many cases, it can be difficult to pinpoint affirmative acts by public employers as a basis for suit. Deborah Becker, 5 Mass. In Leavitt v. Correctional Medical Services, Inc., the First Circuit concluded that a private carceral medical provider could be held liable as a municipality for Eighth Amendment violations. . In the United States, which has among the worst infection rates globally, the number is 9 in 100. (Emily Barker et al., Management of Suicidal and Self-Harming Behaviors in Prisons: Systematic Literature Review of Evidence-Based Activities, Archives of Suicide Research, 2014). However, in the five years before December 2014, prisoner suicides in Texas averaged 25 per year and the period between December 2014 to November 2015 saw 34 more. However, this work was limited to Middlesex County. jails. In addition, 38% were held in isolation at time of death and 8% were on suicide watch. The Legislature did seek to provide some protection for prisoners from suicide and a degree of oversight through its passage of the Massachusetts Criminal Justice Reform Act of 2018. The Bay State's incarceration rate has been among the lowest in the country for years, though justice reform advocates have said it is nonetheless well above the level it was at decades ago. The statute requires periodic release of jail data regarding each DOC restrictive housing unit, including the number of prisoners on such units who committed suicide or committed non-lethal acts of self-harm. The Massachusetts DOC has authority to issue regulations for county jails pursuant to Section 1(d) of Chapter 124, but it does not specifically address suicide or even mental health care. One ICE agent made occasional visits, according to the three former detainees that talked to. It has a population of nearly 100,000 people. Conversely, in Massachusetts (and perhaps other states as well), the counties are responsible for some of the prisons (the county Houses of Correction, which house . However, county jail suicides remain a problem there. This arrangement makes these cases financially viable for lawyers. Government budgets should be redirected toward mental health and substance abuse treatment and rehabilitation services. Further, in Farmer v. Brennan, 511 U.S. 825 (1994), the Supreme Court held that officials violate this prohibition when they exhibit deliberate indifference to a substantial risk of serious harm and disregard that risk by failing to take reasonable measures to abate it. Fevers and toothaches were ignored and medical conditions are often neglected, said J. The island started as a military prison but served as a federal prison from . on file, from 2016, ICEs Office of Detention Oversight, found that detainees had a number of complaints about medical care, including finding that in six of the ten mental health records reviewed the facility failed to obtain informed consent from detainees receiving psychotropic medications., And the report lists other detainee complaints that reflect what the people who spoke to. In the First Circuit, supervisors may be found liable for deliberate indifference, or the even higher standard of reckless disregard for safety, only when they are: 1) directly liable in that they are placed on notice of a prisoners need for physical protection or medical care and they do not act; or 2) indirectly liable for the constitutional violation of a subordinate, if they failed to properly train, supervise, or discipline the subordinate and if that failure leads to the constitutional violation. Siham Byah, a Boston-based community activist who was recently deported to her native Morocco, said that she was placed in the corrections facility instead of the closer Boston South Bay detention center because of her political activismthe same reason she claims she was deported. The forces responsible for suicides in jails are complex. If you want to leave a comment, please use your real name and adhere to The Fletcher School comment policy, http://www.fletcherforum.org/comment-policy. The at-large serial . Three of the first state prisons in the world opened in the United States just after the American Revolution: in Massachusetts in 1785, in Connecticut in 1790 and Pennsylvania in 1794. CONNECTICUT: William Devin Howell William Devin Howell. 30-year-old Damien Fisher was sentenced to up to five years behind bars. Hygiene, too, was a concern, D said. County jails are typically run by local sheriffs, who are elected or, less commonly, appointed. This page is designed to link you to helpful information for each jail or prison in the state. In one case, he said, an epileptic detainee wasnt given his medication, resulting in a seizure that ended with him falling off his bunk and injuring himself. 129.2 General Records of The Bureau of Prisons and its Predecessors 1870-1978. Known as "Alcatraz of the South" and "The Farm," the Angola Prison is considered to be one of the most brutal prisons in the history of the United States. WBUR reporters Beth Healy and Christine Willmsen estimated that, in the eight years leading up to 2020, sheriffs paid damages totaling approximately $1.6 million. She has represented persons with disabilities, including prisoners, since 1992. Maryland's three-year recidivism rate is 40.5%. They said they would strip me, tie me down, and then shove food down my throat, said Byah. Suicide Under the Eighth Amendment: The risk of suicide lies at the intersection of these two duties. Federal courts have routinely applied the deliberate indifference standard to a known substantial risk of harm in prisoner suicide cases. However, as attorney Jesse White of Prisoner Legal Services of Massachusetts cautions, a prison official could theoretically show deliberate indifference toward a substantial risk of serious harm and still avoid liability due to qualified immunity in certain cases, if prior case law did not clearly establish that the officials action or inaction would be unlawful. To do so, plaintiff must demonstrate that the defendant was aware of the risk and failed to take reasonable measures to abate it. Prison populations dropped in 39 states last year, the report said. 129.3 Records of the Superintendent of Prisons and President, Boards of Parole 1907-31. While suicides certainly occur on such units, they also occur in other locations in jails. Massachusetts data are consistent to be enforced at all facilities, Boston.com, April 5, 2020. The increasingly fragmented system of care that exists due to privatization makes a complex system even more hard to navigate. Siham Byah, a Boston-based community activist who was recently deported to her native Morocco. Pandemic Medical Update: Herd Immunity at Prisons? In the United States, suicide rates are higher in jails than among the general population and also than in prisons. . Prisoners were so sick of being badly treated that they decided to riot harder. SHIRLEY, Mass. Writing in Prison Legal News in 2004, C.C. In a similar vein, carceral suicide prevention expert Lindsay Hayes stresses that reforms must be systemic rather than targeted to those prisoners already identified as presenting a suicide risk. Suffolk County Jail Correctional Facilities Police Departments County & Parish Government Website (617) 635-1100 200 Nashua St Boston, MA 02114 4. Media accounts describe suicides that occur early in jail stays are caused by hanging, and coincide with the individuals withdrawal from drugs or alcohol or both. Plaintiffs sued prison officials, arguing lack of adequate supervision as the nurse was using an out-of-date screening form, was not qualified under current standards to conduct the screening, and did not have access to the prisoners probation records containing mental health history. This photo taken on February 13, 2019 shows a view of the United States Penitentiary Administrative Maximum Facility, also known as the ADX or "Supermax", in Florence, Colorado. Bringing a case against carceral officials acting as supervisors, under a theory of supervisory liability, has its own challenges. Information about Sex Voters in one Washington state county recently passed several amendments that shift power in this way. One of Cuba's most notorious high-security facilities, its. Preventing jail suicides requires not only SPPs, but also a broader reform of prisoner mental health services. For many years Silverstein was considered the country's most dangerous prisoner due to his crimes both in- and outside of prison. Table 1.1 Deaths in MA DOC prisons in April 2020, Because of an April 3, 2020 decision by the The tendency to rely upon restrictions rather than on providing expanded mental health services for people in crisis continues in Massachusetts, with poor outcomes. In 2019, an investigation by the Associated Press and the University of Marylands Capital News Service found that the suicide rate in U.S. jails peaked in 2014, with 50 deaths for every 100,000 prisoners. Many of the recent lawsuits challenging suicides in Massachusetts jails have been individual damage actions and likely do not seek systemic change to practice as an explicit remedy. There are two ways for a plaintiff to prove that a carceral official acted with deliberate indifference. To ensure that Massachusetts jails adopt such SPPs, and to ensure that remedies exist when jails fail to do so, the state Legislature should enact statutory mandates applicable to all facilities. The bathrooms were filthy, D said, and the showers were dirty and moldy. PCGs March 2016 report, presented to the Senate and House Committees on Ways & Means, found that the majority of spending in all sheriffs departments, across the U.S. and in Massachusetts, is for personnel. They are the worst blight in American corrections."). Celebrity bowhunting couple are fined $133,000 for taking part in Nebraska's worst ever . Rather, he only told detainees that they would most likely be deported sooner than later. Researchers have identified effective SPPs and stress the importance of interventions that go beyond suicide prevention itself and seek to improve mental health care in jails more broadly. According to the regulations ICE uses at Bristol, the Performance-Based National Detention Standards, use of disciplinary segregation is only for the most severe infractions of jail policy, and should be avoided whenever possible. Between 2006 and 2016, 62 prisoners died by suicide in Massachusetts county jails. County sheriffs run the jails and houses of correction. The literature, however, recognizes that inmates should only be stripped naked and physically restrained as an absolute last resort. San Quentin State Prison in San Rafael, California If there are prisons that have the highest number of death rates, then this prison is one of them. Subscribe to our newsletters for regular updates, analysis and context straight to your email. A 2010 U.S. Department of Justice (DOJ) study of prisoner suicides found that most were carried out by white males with an average age of 35. Prison officials, who tend to select suicide prevention methods most convenient to the staff rather than require extensive observation and treatment, will often physically isolate or even restrain the individual. During that same period, the number of jail prisoners has declined by 20% while county employee salaries have risen by an average of 22%. Some offer a more cynical explanation. 2. That results in people who arent a threat to the community rubbing shoulders with citizens awaiting trial for criminal offenses and detainees with violent records as space in the detention center runs out and the jail puts people where it can. Legislation (and litigation) also resulted in the establishment of a medication-assisted treatment pilot program, involving seven sheriffs offices, to treat substance use disorders. The U.S. Supreme Court held, for convicted prisoners in Estelle v. Gamble, 429 U.S. 97 (1976), and for pre-trial detainees in Bell v. Wolfish, 441 U.S. 520 (1979), that officials violate the Eighth Amendment when they exhibit deliberate indifference to a prisoners serious medical needs. Brockton is ranked as the 17th highest in property crimes, but it's the 4th worst when it comes to violent crimes. Recorded violence by prisoners is also extremely high at the prison: Between 2017 and 2019, the prison issued 245 violations for assault on guards, the highest number in the state's 52-prison system, and a total of 1,852 violations for violent conduct by prisoners, according to data obtained through information requests. Three people told The Appeal that their time at the Bristol County Jail was marked by poor conditions and abusive behavior from guards. The Allan B. Polunsky Unit, also known as the "Terrell Unit," is a state prison located in Livingston, Texas. State leaders contacted the justice center in 2015, asking for an analysis that would help them "better understand how we can further reduce recidivism and enable successful re-entry, and whether we can further reduce our prison and jail populations through early release programs while ensuring appropriate punishment and preserving public safety.". Another urgent reform: the pursuit of legislation targeted specifically at reducing suicide risks. The lack of transparency in Massachusetts is a longstanding and well-recognized concern. Only three jail suicides occurred in 2018, according to data compiled by the New England Center for Investigative Reporting (NECIR). The agencys aggressive inspections program ensures its facilities comply with applicable detention standards, and detainees in ICE custody reside in safe and secure environments and under appropriate conditions of confinement, ICE spokesperson Khaalid Walls said via email. Jail administrators increased checks on suicidal prisoners, encouraged family members to contact the jail if they are worried that an imprisoned family member is at risk of self-harm, and added a message providing a suicide prevention hotline phone number that plays when a prisoner makes or receives a phone call. Taking part in Nebraska & # x27 ; s most notorious high-security facilities Boston.com. Jail or prison in the facility, Walls told partiality of those them. Another urgent reform: the pursuit of legislation targeted specifically at reducing suicide.. Were held in isolation at time of death and 8 % were held in at. By local sheriffs, who are elected or, less commonly, appointed the three &! To privatization makes a complex system even more hard to navigate screeners can not simply rely on self-reports also! September 8, 2020, inhumane conditions and abusive behavior from guards cellmate & x27. 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